From a thundercloud, the spinning column of air forms.

Between ground level and the sky, a tornado emerges. Twisting and churning the air, the tornado stomps out its path. You can see dirt and debris fly as it traverses the land, but the extent of its force is rarely understood in real-time.

For those powerful twisters, it’s only after the fact—hours, days, sometimes weeks later—that we begin to understand its lasting effects.

Long-term market drivers that investors face act similarly.